Bioassay of the host plants of muga silkworm the muga silkworm is polyphagous and thrives on several species of plants, unlike the mulberry silkworm, which can survive only on mulberry. Saturniidae, the producer of golden silk, is a lepidopteran insect endemic to. Life cycle of muga silkworm antheraea assama ww muga silkworm is a holometabolous insect passing through complete metamorphosis from egg to adult. This silkworm being wild and multivoltine in nature, with 5 to 6 broods in a year encounter intermittent climatic. The msso, guwahati, assam is functioning under overall control of central silk board csb, ministry of textiles, govt.
The newly developed viruses could protect the silkworms from disease and as a result could save the muga silk industry. There were statistically differences among eri and muga silkworm pupae in terms of moisture, protein, crude fat, total ash, crude fibre, carbohydrate p muga silkworm. To increase the production level up to 4a grade mulberry bivoltine silk from about. Peigler abstract muga silk is the traditional heritage of assam.
Comparative study on the rearing performance of muga. Wild silks are often referred to in india as vanya silks. After cocooning you can remove them and spin some silk, or you can wait until they hatch they will hatch in about a month. The experimental worms were divided in to four groups and fed with mulberry leaves soaked in the selected compounds i. Potential of silk fibroinchondrocyte constructs of muga. Silk gland fibroin from indian muga silkworm antheraea assama as. Muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis helfer lepidoptera. Tasar silk is generated by the worm of the silk month antheraea mylitta. Tasar muga eri wild semi domesticated domesticated tropicalsilkworm a. Muga silkworm seed organization msso is the nodal agency for production and supply of muga basic seed. The factors responsible for the muga silkworm seed production are discussed in the present study.
Impact of soil fertility and leaf nutrients status on. Antheraea pernyi saturnidae antheraea yamamai saturnidae antheraea paphia saturnidae antheraea royeli saturnidae iii muga silkworm antheraea assama saturnidae iv eri silk worm philosamia ricini saturnidae 3. Field trial of eri eco race sr025 at semiarid conditions of andhra pradesh is under progress. After coupling of moths, they allow the female moths to lay egg on a. It is found in assam in northeast india where 99% of its production occurs. Rearing of muga silkworm is a complicated and labourintensive process as it completes its life cycle both indoor and outdoor, i. The muga silkworm is a single species with little genetic variation among populations, survives harsh climatic conditions and is subject to various diseases, pests and predators.
India is the second largest producer of silk in the world. Use of silkworm by products pupa for poultry feed, sericin for cosmetic applications. Nutrient properties of eri and muga silkworm pupae the nutrient properties of eri and muga silkworm pupae are given in the table 1. One tree can be utilized for two rearing in a year alternately during spring and autumn, thus one full grown tree can yield cocoons in a year and 5 trees are required to produce 5000 cocoons which yield one kg. Limited geographical and ecological distribution, complicated culture practice, changes in climate, pollution and shifting of traditional rearer to other professions push muga culture into. The female silkworm moth has tiny wings and a large abdomen. Muga silkworm feeds primarily on som persea bombycina, but will feed on soalu litsea monopetala, dighloti l. Factors affecting on quality muga silkworm antheraea. The caterpillars have been in decline over the last few years because they are eating infected leaves. Online assignment topic seri culture linkedin slideshare. It is the caterpillar of a moth whose cocoon is used to make silk. Muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis is exclusively present in the north eastern regions of india and rearing of this silkworm is a vocation unique to this region in the world. Research paper on muga silkworm right professionals and service who can write quality papers for you.
Sericulture and silk production the ancient technique of rearing silkworms for production of silk yarn and weaving it into expensive cloth is widely practiced today. The silkworm life cycle goes through the larvacocoonmoth stages, which are typical of most mothlike insects. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer is endemic to assam and adjoining areas in northeastern india, and naturally produces golden silk. Pdf muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis lepidoptera. One of the rarest silks in the world is the muga silk from assam.
Muga silkworm spinning device title of the technology. Silkworm moths only live for a few days and must mate as soon as they emerge from their cocoons. Lifecycle of silkworm with diagram biology discussion. Global climate change and its impact on the productivity. Jul 19, 20 there is an increasing demand for new versatile biomaterials. Fungal colonies cfu x 104g soil in control no amendment soil on 0 day with perionyx excavatus as test species. Factors affecting on quality muga silkworm antheraea assamensis.
Silk industry among the taiahom of assam, india as an attraction of tourist bandana mahan department of anthropology, gouhati university abstract silk industry is an agro based industry, the end product of which is silk. Muga silkworm is semidomesticated and multivoltine in nature having 5 to 6 generations in a year. A traditional muga reeling device operated by two persons fig. Rearrange individual pages or entire files in the desired order. The silkworm eggs, laid out about 300 to 400 at a time, generally take about ten days to hatch. Historically this is the highly desired fibre which has been used extensively for apparels, home.
To know the future prospects of muga silkworm commercial crop and four seed crop. Action plan for 201415 central muga eri research and. The popular items made from this silk are dhoti, chaddar, chapkan,pugree and mekhala. They also keep eri seed cocoons in bamboo made moth cage chakori pera. Circular bamboo device for hanging khorika for egg laying. The silk produced is known for its glossy, fine texture and durability. Muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis helfer, generally reared outdoor on standing host trees for which it is always under pressure of vagaries of weather conditions causing substantial loss. India continues to be the second largest producer of silk in the world. The reeling mechanism is slightly different from mulberry silk cocoons. In this paper, composition of few secondary metabolites, viz.
The average amplicons per primer was found to be 8. The life cycle lasts for 50 days in summer and max. Identification of low temperature resistant embryonic stages for. It is washable at home and is free from drycleaning hassles, unlike other silk fabrics. Due to the high incidence of disease and natural enemies, and variations in climatic conditions, the production of muga silk has recently declined dramatically. The fact that sets this silk apart from all other versions is that it is totally golden yellow in color. Factors affecting on quality muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer seed crop production. During day time and night time, some predator attacks on 3rd to 4th instar of muga silkworm. Pdf study the problems and prospects of rearing of muga. Male and female moths are flightless and lack functional mouth parts.
Like muga culture, eri farmers also adopt various traditional indigenous practices during eri silkworm rearing. The larvae of these moths feed on som machilus bombycina and sualu litsaea polyantha leaves. The mitochondrial genome of muga silkworm antheraea. Rearing of muga silkworm muga silkworm rear in out door on tree. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis, helfer is a multiviltine insect endemic to the north easter n region of india and it belongs to the family satur niidae.
The silkworm first makes a support then spins the cocoon. The present paper describes the comparative rearing performance of muga silkworm under indoor and outdoor rearing conditions. Muga, tasar, and eri silkworms are not fully tamed and the world lovingly calls the silks they produce as wild silks. Two superior muga silkworm lines cmr1 and cmr2 are under field testing muga silkworm eggs preservation schedules developed to facilitate uniform hatching is under field testing. You can merge pdfs or a mix of pdf documents and other files. Host plant selection by larvae of the muga silk moth, antheraea. Comparative study on the rearing performance of muga silkworm.
Muga silk has a special status due to its natural golden yellow colour. Indigenous knowledge of silkworm cultivation and its. Silk industry among the taiahoms of assam, india as an. The silk is known for its extreme durability and has a natural yellowishgolden tint with a shimmering, glossy texture. Life cycle of tasar silkworm antheraea mylitta fig2. Excess sds was removed by gland of 5th instar larvae of indian muga silkworm a. Muga is produced from the muga silkworm antheraea assama that spins golden cocoons and feeds on the leaves of som machilus bombycina, which grows in abundance in assam.
Silk is reported by many researchers as an ideal biomaterial for different biomedical applications. Vanya muga, eri and tasar silk to increase from 9,075 mts to 11,500 mts. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer indoor rearing by. On the other hand highest number of pathogen isolated from the 5th instar dead silkworm, least number isolated from the 3rd istar silkworm, 4th instar. Abstract the muga silk industry of assam has been in existence since time immemorial. Potential of silk fibroinchondrocyte constructs of muga silkworm antheraea assamensis for cartilage tissue engineering nandana bhardwaj, a yogendra pratap singh, b dipali devi, a raghuram kandimalla, c jibon kotoky c and biman b. Neog k, dutta p, changmai a, goswami d, choudhury b 2015 comparative study on the rearing performance of muga silkworm under indoor and outdoor rearing conditions. Eleven muga silkworm strains were analysed using 50 random primers among which 36 polymorphic primers gave 309 amplicons. Numerous scanning microscopic studies on insect eggs in the external surface structure of the chorion have provided a precise understanding of the mechanism of fertilization and chemical composition of the chorion of some lepidoptera 5. The silkworms are reared out door and as such are exposed to vagaries of nature. Saturniidae which produces the exclusively fascinating golden shimmering silk is geographically isolated to a single pocket of the world, i. Silk is a protein fiber produced by silkworm for spinning cocoon. The mitochondrial genome of muga silkworm antheraea assamensis and its comparative analysis with other lepidopteran insects article pdf available in plos one 1211.
Abnormal temperature fluctuations have thrown manjita basumatary and her fellow silk farmers from assam in a tizzy. The types, distribution pattern of the sensilla remained almost the same in the different larval stages except for the number and dimension in some cases. Silkworm crop mulberrytas ar, oak tasar muga eri others race of silkworm cropmultivolt inebi voltine uni voltine crossbreed number of disease free layings dfls under each silkworm crop place from where the dfls are purchased national expected average yield i. Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer indoor rearing. A triangular shaped device made of bamboo strips for transferring of muga worms from one plant to another fig. Muga silkworm muga silkworms belong to the species, antheraea assamensis. The present study has been aimed at investigating various economic parameters of the silkworm cocoon, when fed on mulberry leaves fortified with selected trace element zinc, vitamin, pyridoxine and hormone, methoprene. Family characters namely, bipectinate antennae, minute labial palpi, short maxillae, lack of frenulae are prominent in both the sexes. Scanning electron microscopy on the postembryonic development of the mouthpart sensory structures of the muga silk moth, antheraea assamensis revealed the presence of a variety of sensilla.
How to merge pdfs and combine pdf files adobe acrobat dc. In this report we fabricate 2d matrices from the regenerated aqueous silk fibroin protein of. The term vanya is of sanskrit origin, meaning untamed, wild, or forestbased. Attempts were made to rear the silkworm under indoor conditions during different seasons. Once you merge pdfs, you can send them directly to your email or download the file to our computer and view. Traditional practices and terminologies in muga eri culture. Bacterial community structure and diversity in the gut of. Most of eri farmers prepare eri seed by themselves. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer collaboration with neist, jorhat and iit, kharagpur and funded by dbt environmental challenges and global warming 2 effect of pesticides on the growth, development and productivity of muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis helfer submitted to dst, new delhi and awaiting for approval.
Muga silkworm is a holometabolous insect passing through complete metamorphosis from egg to adult. Sericulture is an important labourintensive and agrobased cottage industry. Fungal colonies cfu x 104g soil in tasar waste supplemented soil. Insect pests of muga silkworm, anthereae assamensis. In this article we will discuss about the life cycle of various silk moths. Finally, the complete annotated file of mitochondrial genome was prepared. Most of the studies are carried out on mulberry silk bombyx mori, however silk from indian nonmulberry silkworms are relatively unexplored. Sericulture and silk production department of science and. Muga silk is a variety of wild silk geographically tagged to the state of assam in india.
Pdf the mitochondrial genome of muga silkworm antheraea. Muga silk the golden yellow silk is secreted by multivoltine silkworm a. The muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis, is exclusively present in the northeastern regions of india and rearing of this silkworm is a vocation unique to this region in the world. The silkworm, bombyx mori produces the silk of commercial importance. Muga silk is produced only in the north east india as the silkworms form their cocoons. In assam, muga silk weaving is an ancient craft, though there is no definite and precise mention of the time of its origin. Fungal colonies cfu x 104g soil in tasar waste supplemented soil on 0 day with perionyx excavatus as test species fig3. Once files have been uploaded to our system, change the order of your pdf documents. Muga silkworms are mostly wild unlike the mulberry silkworm, which is completely domesticated. The hard protective covering must be softened before reeling, using certain special technique. The muga silkworm rearing is conducted throughout the year six times year on som and soalu plantations.
Gut microflora of muga silkworm synthesize digestive enzymes. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer in assam india european academic research vol. In the brahmaputra valley, the larvae of the assam silkmoth feed on aromatic som. It was previously reported that muga silk cannot be dyed or bleached due to low porosity, but this is incorrect. Browsing our essay writing samples can give research paper on muga silkworm you an idea whether the quality research paper on muga silkworm of our essays is the quality you are looking for. Among the four varieties of silk produced, in 201516, mulberry accounts for 71. Muga silk industry of assam in historical perspectives. A muga silkworm stock pictures, royaltyfree photos. Click, drag, and drop to reorder files or press delete to remove any content you dont want.
Pdf on apr 1, 2011, rajesh kumar and others published muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis insecta. Muga silk worm is multivoltine and 56 crops are raised in a year out of which two commercial crops jethua. Muga silk is the product of the silkworm antheraea assamensis endemic to assam. India has the unique distinction of being the only country producing all the five kinds of silk mulberry, eri, muga, tropical tasar and temperate tasar.
Silk a natural fibre silk often referred to as the queen of textiles is the strongest natural fibre lustrous, smooth, inherent affinity for dyes, vibrant colours, having high absorbent and light weight qualities excellent drape and elastic properties. The cocoons can be reeled into raw silk like mulberry silkworm cocoons. The rearers of the famed golden muga silk have had to shift the monthlong rearing sessions by about 1015 days to stave off climaterelated silkworm deaths, even as the industry pushes on to ramp up production. Pdf muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer is endemic to assam and adjoining areas in northeastern india, and naturally produces. This insect is also called the silkworm moth and the mulberry silkworm fig. Find highquality a muga silkworm stock photos and editorial news pictures from getty images. Muga silk is sumptuous, royal, heavenly, exotic, erotic and sensual. The m uga silkworm performs best in the temperature range of 25. Cocoon productivity in muga for seed multiplication is measured in terms of productivity potential realized from egg layings. Muga silkworm cultivation has been an age old practice, it is obviously environment controlled and the rearing performance is quite different in each season. Silk gland fibroin from indian muga silkworm antheraea assama.
Muga antheraea assamensis is an economically important silkmoth endemic to the. Muga silkworm belongs to lepidoptera of saturniidae family and, geographically isolated only to ne region of india. It is found in assam in northeast india where 99% of its production occurs the larva feed on cinnamomum, laurus, litsea, carpinus, persea, magnolia, michelia, quercus, sarcostemma and symplocos. Here are some interesting facts about silkworms and their life cycle. Download premium images you cant get anywhere else. Antheraea assamensis, known as the muga silkworm as a larva and assam silk moth as an adult, is a moth of the family saturniidae.
Silk gland fibroin from indian muga silkworm antheraea assama as potential biomaterial. From time immemorial, many ethnic and tribal groups have produced muga silk. Click add files and select the files you want to include in your pdf. The source of it is the muga silkworm which goes back to the age of the dinosaurs.
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